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LIST OF MAJOR AMERICAN WARS
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775-1783)
The British Navigation acts, the closing of western lands, the restricting of the colonial currency, the Quartering Act, the Stamp Act, and The Townshend Acts enacted by the British Parliament contributed to the revolution of colonists. In 1773, the British Parliament permitted the East India Company to sell tea in the colonies at very low prices, which resulted in the Boston tea party. The response of the British Parliament was the Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act in 1774.
In September of the same year, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia. The Revolutionary War began in 1775. The second Continental Congress was held in May, 1775 in Philadelphia. In 1776, the United States declared independence. British and American troops fought near Boston, New York, Trenton, and other places. In 1783, by the Treaty of Paris, the independence of the 13th colonies was recognized by Great Britain, and the war ended.
American Revolutionary War Statistics:
- Population: 3,500,000
- Service Members: 200,000
- Ratio: 5.7%
- Casualties: 4,435 Dead, 6,188 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $1.2
WAR OF 1812 (1812-1815)
The United States declared war on Britain in 1812. The Americans’ attempts to conquer Canada during the campaigns of 1812-1813 failed. British blockaded the American coast. After many battles, the war was ended in 1814 by the Treaty of Ghent, which was the Belgium of old. Weeks after that, Major General Andrew Jackson, also known as “Old Hickory,” won the battle of New Orleans. The war ended with no gain for both sides.
War of 1812 Statistics:
- Population: 7,600,000
- Service Members: 286,000
- Ratio: 3.8%
- Casualties: 2,260 Dead, 4,505 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $0.7
MEXICAN - AMERICAN WAR (1846-1848)
Mexico refused to recognize the annexation of Texas. In 1846, Mexicans attacked US troops, and the Congress declared war on Mexico. The Mexican-American War was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Mexico ceded the states of California, Utah, Nevada, as well as parts of New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Wyoming.
Mexican-American War Statistics:
- Population: 21,100,000
- Service Members: 78,718
- Ratio: 0.4%
- Casualties: 13,283 Dead, 4,152 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $1.1
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861–1865)
The American Civil War was fought by 11 southern states known as the Confederacy and Union states. Since President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party were against the expansion of slavery, the southern states declared their secession from the Union. This war was the deadliest in American history. The Union won, the Confederate armies surrendered in 1865, and the war ended the practice of slavery.
American Civil War Statistics:
The Union
- Population: 26,200,000
- Service Members: 2,803,300
- Ratio: 10.7%
- Casualties: 360,000 Dead, 275,175 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $27.3
The Confederate States of America
- Population: 8,100,000
- Service Members: 1,064,200
- Ratio: 13.1%
- Casualties: 260,000 Dead, 137,000+ Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $17.1
Total
- Population: 34,300,000
- Service Members: 3,867,500
- Ratio: 11.1%
- Casualties: 620,000 Dead, 412,175+ Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $44.4
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898)
Spain declared war on the US in April 1898 because the US supported the Cuban struggle for independence. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in August, 1898. The US gained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Spanish-American War Statistics:
- Population: 74,600,000
- Service Members: 306,800
- Ratio: 0.4%
- Casualties: 387 Dead, 1,662 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $6.3
WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
The First World War began in 1914, and it was fought between the Allied (Entente) Powers, which included the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France, the Empire of Japan, Italy, and the US, and the Central Powers, which included the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The war ended with the victory of the Allied Powers in 1918. New nations were formed.
World War I Statistics:
- Population: 102,800,000
- Service Members: 4,743,800
- Ratio: 4.6%
- Casualties: 116,708 Dead, 204,002 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $196.5
WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)
The Second World War started in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. It was fought between the Axis Powers, which consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan, and the Allies, which were made up of the British Empire, the USSR, and the USA. The war ended with the capitulation of Germany and Japan in 1945. Warsaw Pact and NATO were created, and the Cold War began.
World War II Statistics:
- Population: 135,500,000
- Service Members: 16,353,700
- Ratio: 12.2%
- Casualties: 407,316 Dead, 670,846 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $2,091.3
KOREAN WAR (1950-1953)
In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, and the nations that were allied with the US (the UN) intervened on behalf of the South. The USSR and the People’s Republic of China supported the North Korea. The Korean conflict ended in 1953. The Korean Demilitarized Zone was established.
Korean War Statistics:
- Population: 151,700,000
- Service Members: 5,764,100
- Ratio: 3.8%
- Casualties: 33,651 Dead, 103,284 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $263.9
VIETNAM WAR (1959-1975)
The Vietnam War was fought between the communist forces of North Vietnam, Viet Kong, Khmer Rouge, the People’s Republic of China, USSR, North Korea, and Pathet Lao, and the anticommunist forces of US, South Vietnam, South Korea, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, the Kingdom of Laos and the Khmer Republic. North Vietnam won, and Laos, Cambodia, and South Vietnam became communist states.
Vietnam War Statistics:
- Population: 204,900,000
- Service Members: 8,744,000
- Ratio: 4.3%
- Casualties: 58,168 Dead, 303,635 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $346.7
GULF WAR (1990-1991)
The war was fought between Iraq and the coalition forces of 34 nations that were authorized by the UN, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The war ended with the coalition victory, and Kuwait was liberated.
Gulf War Statistics:
- Population: 260,000,000
- Service Members: 2,750,000
- Ratio: 1.1%
- Casualties: 382 Dead, 467 Wounded
- Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $61.1
WAR IN AFGHANISTAN (2001-PRESENT)
Beginning October 7, 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom is the U.S. led effort to drive al-Qaeda and Taliban forces from power in Afghanistan. The war is still ongoing today.
Afghanistan War Statistics (as of 8/2017)
- U.S. Troops Serving: 8,400
- U.S. Casualties: 2,403 dead
- Financial Cost: $783 billion through fiscal year 2016
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